Landmarks in social welfare provision Essay Example

Landmarks in social welfare provision Essay SOCIAL POLICY Introduction Social Policy is a term which refers to some kinds of regulations, statute law, rules and operations that get into the life position helpful to human public assistance. It is the survey of societal issues that has a important relationship for human well-being. And the systems should be promoted for the well-being of human being. The Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics defines societal policy as an interdisciplinary and applied topic concerned with the analysis of societies responses to societal demand. It involves in recognizing the theories and some rules of societal subjects. The societal policy covers psychological science, geographics, jurisprudence, sociology, environment, political relations, economic sciences etc. It affects our mundane life that we can populate by. Basically societal policy is concerned with critical demands as in instruction, health care, H2O, nutrient, shelter that can do a life worth to populate. The publicity of intervention of ill, giving support to physically disable individual is the portion of societal policy. In short, societal policy is the survey of human well-being and intends to extinguish those jobs which are obstructions for human well-being. We will write a custom essay sample on Landmarks in social welfare provision specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Landmarks in social welfare provision specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Landmarks in social welfare provision specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Undertaking 1 Explore the historical and modern-day landmarks in societal public assistance proviso In the clip of 1901 to 1945 there was some of import landmarks for societal public assistance in united land. The authorities of united land introduced some public assistance plans to guarantee human well-being and to increase the living criterion. The important landmarks of societal public assistance are- 1901Seebohm Rowntree’s foremost survey of poorness in York, Poverty: a survey of town life. 1908Old Age Pensions Act: means-tested pensions from age 70. 1911National Insurance Act: illness insurance and limited commissariats for unemployment 1920 Unemployment Insurance Act: non-manual workers included. 1940Old Age and Widows’ Pensions Act: pension age for adult females reduced from 65 to 60. 1945Family Allowances Act: ?0.25 a hebdomad for each kid after the first. 1948National Assistance Act: Poor Law abolished. 1959National Insurance Act: calibrated pensions introduced. 1966Supplementary Benefit replaces National Assistance. 1971National insurance invalidness benefit introduced. 1975Social Security Pensions Act: province earnings-related pensions ( SERPS ) . Earnings-related national insurance parts introduced at 5.75 % . 1976One-parent benefit introduced 1977-79 Tax-exempt kid benefit phased in, replacing nonexempt household allowance and child revenue enhancement allowances. 1986Social Security Act: three major Bills in one. 1988Tax cuts and benefit cuts Top rate of income revenue enhancement down from 60 % to 40 % . Standard rate of income revenue enhancement down from 27 % to 25 % . 1994 Budget introduces ‘welfare to work’ steps to ease passage into paid work and promote full-time work. Assorted steps piloted Introduction of kid attention allowance for certain parents claiming household recognition and related benefits. 1996 Jobseeker’s allowance replaces unemployment benefit and income support for the unemployed. Contributory benefit is paid for 6 months alternatively of 12 and the degree is reduced for 18-24 twelvemonth olds ; jobseeker’s understanding is introduced. 2001Children’s Tax Credit introduced – a revenue enhancement allowance for those with kids. 2006The Government’s White Paper Security in Retirement proposes an increasing retirement age, personal nest eggs histories, and a basic province pension uprated in line with net incomes from 2012. 2008Welfare Reform Act 2007 comes into force. Equally good as doing minor alterations to profit statute law, it introduces a Local Housing Allowance to simplify Housing Benefit for in private rented renters. Analysis the quality of life for the service users have improved over clip The authorities has recognized the positive part of service users in societal attention planning and development of society. Service users are taking active and effectual portion in societal attention and wellness attention services. The societal theoretical account of disablement was made cardinal for service users by the authorities. It became the demand of independent life. Service users are interested in what work can assist them to carry through their intents and better their life. Examination of the past and current societal policies related to the wellness and public assistance demands of the population of United Kingdom during the period of political alterations and passage during and after the World War 2. The authorities took back the authorization of the local authorities board and national wellness insurance committee in 1919 under the accoucheuses act. There was some issues that roses by some groups interested in wellness and societal public assistance which affected their life as in Unemployment Poverty Health insurance Mental wellness Maternal and infant mortality Nowadays the authorities has taken some major public assistance plans for human well-being. Some of them are as Social Insurance Programs- It is concerned with the anterior net incomes and paysheet part which is based on pecuniary demand of a human being. Unemployment insurance- It provides fiscal support to an person when they are unemployed. Workers’s compensation- this is the 3rdof import plan. It says workers should be compensated if they are affected by fatal hurt from work or for other relevant standards. They besides should acquire medical aid. Explanation of the alterations in ideological attack since 1945 have impacted on modern-day societal policies After 1945 there had been a extremist alterations in assorted facets as in adult females rights. The authorities gave adult females the equality in the society. Children were being abused before 1945. The authorities had passed a jurisprudence that prevents it. Nowadays these kind of Torahs are practiced across the universe. Designation and application schemes to happen appropriate solutions Very specific regulations should be developed to happen a more accurate solution Heavy brainstorming to recognize the nucleus jobs Develop a long term program to increase societal consciousness Contemplation of work and justification of decisions Prior to the 1945 societal policy rules and patterns in the society was obscure. After 1945 societal policy was acquiring into form which is contributing for human public assistance. The society is acquiring the good impact of societal policy by recognizing and back up those policies. Undertaking 2 Key wellness and societal policy legalisation and short treatment about how the political leaders managed the station war societal public assistance policies Parliament is the lone house in where jurisprudence can be passed by the parliament members. This procedure starts with a measure of act base on balls through in the parliament. This act can originate from the parliament member or civil society or any other beginnings. If the authorities agree these proposal so it will set before the parliament. It will come up in the treatment on the footing of importance and dependencies.by formal regulations this should undergo with audience procedure. If the maximal parliament member supports the act, they will give their consent. And they set a class of action about wellness policies. After this the act can merely come in the whole system and the people should obey this act. There are some factors that affects wellness including biological factor, populating criterion and nutrition factor. Very important factors impacting United kingdom’s people wellness are smoking, association for intoxicant, bad diets and deficiency of exercising. If people are willing to alter their attitudes toward wellness so it is really easy to extinguish those factors to harm people. The modern-day political relations is a influential factors that can act upon the policy shapers to develop policy for their ain involvement. After the 2nd universe war the authorities of United Kingdom had introduced a station war consensus which covered the mix economic system, Bolshevism, unemployment, foreign personal businesss etc. after 11945 the authorities had launched some lodging policies to rehabilitate people. They opened a window to construct up educational centres, lodging undertakings, medical centre etc. the chief aims of lodging policies is that construct a friendly vicinity. The authorities intentionally extinguish the restrictions and reconstruct a free economic system to stabilise the state. B. Measure the impact of these policies and results Basically wellness attention and societal attention is the fact which is related to ‘care services’ . But it should be segregated from political relations and the current authorities. The UK authorities is profoundly focused on the separation of societal and wellness attention. If these two organic structures separated so it causes a major job in the society. It affects the society severely. It increases the medical intervention charge and other societal installations. The UK authorities intends to bind these Ts: two entities together. The authorities ensures that service users benefited by holding: Schemes for wellness publicity Health and safety Manual handling Data protection Food handling Care pattern Mental wellness Children Disability Design and use appropriate methods To do a successful design of societal policy some elements are to be considered. They are depicted below- Finding out factors that can impact the policy Analyze the environment in where the policy will follow Choose appropriate people doing policy To use policies the authorities should develop a proper system so that the policy can convey the proper result. There would be some drawbacks in the system. If the policy shaper take those drawbacks under consideration so it is expected to bring a better result. Duty for pull offing and forming activities Basically policy makes for the improvement of people. Each and every policy is a undertaking. It includes a immense undertaking to be done to convey outcomes. At first the responsible authorization should do a proper policy that can cut down obstructions from society. The authorization should take the duty to pull off the undertaking. To implement policy the authorization must form activities to follow the policy. Undertaking 3 Analysis the modern-day policy developments in Health and Social Care in the UK By and large, The UK government’s societal and wellness attention section works to plan a policy that delivers a societal attention system which enhances their self-respect and position, for all categories of people. The Government attempt to supply this installation in a broad scope as possible they can. They wanted to supply medical aid in wide scope for each people. Public wellness spheres and complementary wellness scenes are the current enterprises taken by the authorities. Besides those there are few policy that act every bit initiatives as wellness attention such as gender, cultural issues, disablement etc. for keeping that sort of policies, they has imposed some kind of ordinances. They were besides advancing their enterprises through local telecasting webs. They have besides taken enterprises in educational sector and nutrition sector. They did some educational runs and supply good diet charts for all. In those enterprises there is a opportunity to be linked up with a multi-agency partnership which creates 1000s and assorted sorts of occupation chance that can assist extinguish unemployment job. Evaluation the impact of the current policy enterprises on wellness and societal attention service users The United Kingdom’s authorities possesses a really impressive methods to guarantee that the policies, events and plans are practiced and delivered in broad scope in an efficient and effectual mode to peoples. The UK authorities committed to do grounds based policy. It is enrolled to UK authorities to possess a high quality policy rating. This procedure requires policy shapers and those individuals who will implement these policy to utilize the best available resources and grounds. Which is available in national statistics, national achieve, regulating agents etc. the authorities took over some scheme that includes public disbursement and revenue enhancement in the policy rating procedure. How can these policies to better quality of life of service users? The United Kingdom’s authorities tried to heighten the quality of life of their service users. For this purposes they took over assorted public assistance policy for their service users. Though it is a really hard undertaking to bind together these two entities, the authorities still making the occupation really expeditiously. If these entities breaks loose so many systems will be broken down. If those entities separated so those entities will be segregated and operated independently. Ex- infirmary discharge charge will be riser than old yearss if those two entities will segregate. This kind of policy can better the policy user’s life by take parting interested groups which works for their improvement. And these work as their representative in wellness attention system. They can besides take part in public hearing procedure and publically appointed councils as a member. Undertaking 4 Evaluate recent developments in Health and Social policy The authorities of United Kingdom supply a good finance to wellness and societal attention section to develop rules and guidelines to guarantee the societal public assistance for human well-being. The most recent and of import – Public wellness The authorities took some tough action against smoking. They banned smoking in public topographic points, banned tobacco advertisement in some topographic points. Under 18 elderly people could non purchase coffin nail from stationary store. They imposed baccy company to attach graphical warning about bad effects of coffin nails in coffin nail packages. By taking those actions England had the control over baccy. The bosom onslaught rate had fallen to 211 % . At last the public wellness position is in a good status due to this policy devising. Children and households The authorities launched every kid affairs project for the improvement of every kids. This undertaking introduced a new attacks for the well-being of kid, start at the clip of taking birth. Child protection After the decease of Victoria climbie the societal worker started to work on protection of child issue. They wanted a great communicating system between constabulary, instruction and children’s services. There was a positive result of their work. Social attention Social attention was so much neglected by labour authorities. Finally, the societal came into their ain way in 2005. In that clip the antediluvian system split up and the kids service section was created. They took some advanced policies that brought advantages to people. That was the twelvemonth at that place was a turning concerned issue about older people. Several politicians was profoundly concerned about older people when they were retired from occupation. Politicians brought the issue into lamplight. Then they took over some enterprises for the improvement of older people. Condemnable justness In the last decennary the universe sees the extremist alteration in the condemnable justness sector. The figure of prison officers is being increased by authorities for supplying a good care to the felon. The prison and probation installations is besides been increased. In 2000 there was around 24000 prison officers look after 65000 captives. And now there is around 29000 prison officers for looking after 85000 captives. There is crisp addition of condemnable offense, brought them to the justness. So there is monolithic additions in fixed P [ punishment mulcts. Analysis the differences in formation and acceptance of societal policy enterprises from other positions The societal and wellness attention policy has emerged in 20Thursdaycentury in United land. To do a great state the authorities provides assorted public assistance benefits to the citizen as in educational installation, communicational installations, wellness services etc. Health attention services has controlled by the private sector in USA. The authorities has launched some occupational insurance policy to command the wellness attention services. The USA authorities does non take part in those undertakings. In Japan, they are besides every bit like as USA. They besides gave these undertakings to the private sector. The private sectors operates wellness attention services and develop policies for the improvement of their citizens. There are many states like western Europe, the wellness attention system is operated by both private sector and province. The province makes policy and private bureaus comply those policies. It is a good scheme to hold control over the whole wellness attention system. In Waless, the wellness attention system is patient centre focused. The authorities is apt to reply to all citizens in this system. There is some communities responsible for doing rules, regulations and policies. In Scotland they follow a different system. There is a contract between authorities and single citizens. In England the policy ensures the betterment of wellness attention services rater t5han the policy. The system is maintained by a contract between the authorities, services and the clients. Why national Health and Social policies need altering over clip to react to the emerging social-political and economic tendencies The policy can’t be framed by some regulations or rules. It is ever a affair of alteration. The universe is altering twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours bit by bit. So the old system can’t work in the new changed universe. New policies should be developed to accommodate with the new universe. Otherwise the system will fall in down. Every twenty-four hours there are some new jobs comes into the lamplight that should be dealt with. Harmonizing to Margaret Thatcher ‘We offered a complete alteration in direction’ . Changes should be done in a way that brings the benefit to the service users and to the statute law for the accomplishing their ends. we see that there is rapid growing of population, technological revolution is taken topographic point. In this state of affairs the old policy arises a at odds issue with these. Although any policy that involves with important alterations related with major cost that will necessitate political support accomplishment s but that should be done one twenty-four hours to get by with the altering universe. Decisions Since 1945 the authorities has recognized the value of societal public assistance and policy. The people of the nation’s understood the importance of the societal public assistance for increasing their criterion of life, self-respect and opportunity of populating independently. The UK authorities made some important landmarks in assorted sector after the Second World War. They increase the adult females rights. The political leaders lead the state in the economic adversity after Second World War. They made some important act to better the parliament act. They introduced some act such as wellness act and societal attention act. In that clip the authorities was profoundly concerned about those two entities as in wellness attention and societal attention. They are intended to bind them with each other. The UK authorities ever tried to distribute out the public assistance undertaking to every citizen of the state. Besides the medical aid they besides did some educational run and t ook some societal consciousness undertaking. In the blast decennary we saw some betterment in wellness attention and societal sector. There is been alteration in public wellness, condemnable justness, protection of kid, immature and old people issues. In every state there are some kind of societal policy are possessed. Many states are in contract between citizens. Many states transferred this occupation from public to private sector. In the border of globalisation everything is altering quickly. In the age of technological revolution the policy can non be fixed in old mode. The policy should be changed with the altering universe to make better for people.

Free Essays on DRAM

INTRODUCTION Three years ago, there wasn't much to say about sytem RAM. Almost all PCs came with fast page mode (FPM) DRAM, which ran at speeds between 100ns and 80ns. However, escalating CPU and motherboard bus speeds outstripped the ability of FPM DRAM to deliver data in a timely manner. Nowadays there are a lot of different memory designs. Due to cost considerations, all but the very high-end (and very expensive) computers have utilized DRAM for main memory. Originally, these were asynchronous, single-bank designs because the processors were relatively slow. Most recently, synchronous interfaces have been produced with many advanced features. Though these high-performance DRAMs have been available for only a few years, it is apparent that they will soon be replaced by at least one of the protocol-based designs, such as SyncLink or the DRDRAM design from Rambus, Inc. and Intel. RANDOM ACCESS MEMEORY Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell. The opposite of RAM is serial access memory (SAM). SAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only be accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape). If the data is not in the current location, each memory cell is checked until the needed data is found. SAM works very well for memory buffers, where the data is normally stored in the order in which it will be used (a good example is the texture buffer memory on a video card). RAM data, on the other hand, can be accessed in any order. RAM BASICS Similar to a microprocessor, a memory chip is an integrated circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. In the most common form of computer memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a transistor and a capacitor are paired to create a memory cell, which represents a single bit of data. The... Free Essays on DRAM Free Essays on DRAM INTRODUCTION Three years ago, there wasn't much to say about sytem RAM. Almost all PCs came with fast page mode (FPM) DRAM, which ran at speeds between 100ns and 80ns. However, escalating CPU and motherboard bus speeds outstripped the ability of FPM DRAM to deliver data in a timely manner. Nowadays there are a lot of different memory designs. Due to cost considerations, all but the very high-end (and very expensive) computers have utilized DRAM for main memory. Originally, these were asynchronous, single-bank designs because the processors were relatively slow. Most recently, synchronous interfaces have been produced with many advanced features. Though these high-performance DRAMs have been available for only a few years, it is apparent that they will soon be replaced by at least one of the protocol-based designs, such as SyncLink or the DRDRAM design from Rambus, Inc. and Intel. RANDOM ACCESS MEMEORY Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell. The opposite of RAM is serial access memory (SAM). SAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only be accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape). If the data is not in the current location, each memory cell is checked until the needed data is found. SAM works very well for memory buffers, where the data is normally stored in the order in which it will be used (a good example is the texture buffer memory on a video card). RAM data, on the other hand, can be accessed in any order. RAM BASICS Similar to a microprocessor, a memory chip is an integrated circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. In the most common form of computer memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a transistor and a capacitor are paired to create a memory cell, which represents a single bit of data. The...

750 Word Essay

George Strait was born on May 18, 1952 in Poteet, Texas. George’s father, John Strait, was a junior high school math teacher and his mother was a homemaker. George was in fourth grade when his mother and father divorced. George grew up with only his brother and their father taking care of them. After high school, George eloped to Mexico with his high school sweetheart. When they got back, their families made them have a small ceremony for family and friends to make it really official. George enlisted and began serving in the army in 1971. While in the military he was stationed in Hawaii for three years. Norma moved to Hawaii to be with George. In 1972 George and Norma had their first child, Jenifer who died in a car accident at the age of 13. George taught himself how to play the guitar while in the army, playing country music from hit artists like Merle Haggard, George Jones, Hank Williams, and Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys. He started a band that only lasted two months. George found out that the commanding officer was auditioning groups to entertain the base. George was hired and didn’t have to wear a uniform and got to wear western style clothing. After being honorably discharged from the army in 1975, Strait went back to college and got a degree in agriculture. During and after college George played in a band for different bars and honkytonks. This band was known as The Ace in the Hole. George joined this band after seeing their advertisement at college. One of the band member’s grandfather was Pappy Daily who was the manager of George Jones. George began playing for more and more bars and honkytonks. This started his singing career. Don Daily encouraged George and the band to come and record a demo to distribute to record companies. George played at The Prairie Rose (whose owner was Erv Woolsey until he sold it). Erv went back to Nashville and got a job as the promotions head at MCA Records. George went to Nashville and played some songs for promos, but nothing seemed to click. He kept going back and forth from Texas to Nashville with nothing to show for it for the next four years. In 1979 he almost gave up on his dream of becoming a country music singer and signed up for a job working for an outfit in Uvalde, Texas that designed cattle pens. Norma didn’t like George moping around, so she told him to give it another try. He decided to give it one more year. In 1980 George went and talked to Erv Woolsey, and they formed a plan that George would come and record three songs. With the three songs they started shopping for a record deal. Finally, he hit it with MCA Records. When George finally started his career he was considered the hat act, so in the 1990’s every guy in country music tried the cowboy hat. In early country music, cowboy hats weren’t in high fashion, but with George Strait it became a signature style in country music and that led to George being known as the original hat act. In 1981 he released his first single, â€Å"Unwound. † That same year George and Norma had another child: George Harvey Strait, Jr. (Bubba). George then followed â€Å"Unwound† up with number one hits like â€Å"Fool Hearted Memory† and â€Å"Ocean Front Property† time and time again. In 1984, George was announced Top Male Vocalist for Academy of Country Music. In 1985, George was announced Male Vocalist of The Year and had the Album of The Year for the Country Music Association (CMA) and Academy of Country Music (ACM). In 1986 he won Male Vocalist of The Year again for the CMA’s. In 1986 and 1987 he was Top Country Artists for Billboards. In 1988 George won Top Male Vocalist again for the ACM’s. George continued to win these awards year after year until 1990. In 1990 George became Entertainer of the Year, the award he wanted most. He won the award again in 2000. In 1992 George starred in the movie Pure Country. In the opening song to the movie, â€Å"Heartland,† his son, Bubba, sings the beginning of the song and the vocals fades into George Sr. singing the rest of the song. Even though the movie wasn’t as big as his music, the soundtrack to the movie was considered his best album ever. He still continues to produce number one hits and records. In 2006, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. George was announced as Artist of the Decade in 2009. George has had the best track record for country music in history. On February 2, 2012 George became a grandfather with his grandson becoming George Harvey Strait, III. George will be ending his touring career after his The Cowboy Rides Away Tour in 2014, but will still be making and recording country music. George Strait has 59 number one hit records and is known as a living legend and the â€Å"King of Country Music. † I choose to do this paper for the final because I thought it was stronger than my 1500 word paper. This paper to me had more meaning and I was interested in it more than the other one. With this paper I have been given the opportunity to send it to George Strait, himself, to have it signed. I think this paper is going to help me out for a contest to win tickets to one of his shows. This paper has more meaning for me since I am such a big fan.

Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy Dissertation

Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy - Dissertation Example The global economy is confronting with an earning conflict because of excessive managerial remuneration in major enterprises throughout the world. To investigate on the perpetrators of economic recession, the high managerial pay and extreme risk taking activities were cited as prime suspects. Among the two issues, the managerial pay leads to the primary focus and incited many public as well as political outrages. For instance, the insurance major named AIG was nearly shattered because of bad business performance and abundant remuneration scales. It was seen that AIG had paid almost 165 million USD of bonus amount to 400 employees in London. In Wall Street, the bankers gave themselves almost 20 billion USD as bonus in the year 2008 even when the economy was decelerating down. The government also expended huge money to assist the financial institutions. It was alleged that this type of ignorance for the expenditure and the outcomes of the managers’ actions have generated the eco nomic crisis. The ethnicity, customs, spawned managerial remuneration plan with incentive that promote the unnecessary risk taking had given light to the economic crisis. The laws and regulations along with corporate boards were highly criticized for autonomous management of organizations. (Thompson, 2009). Excessive Managerial Remuneration in the USA Several reports stated that excessive managerial remuneration in the USA has taken overwhelming economic levy in American society and intimidated the control in corporate sector, government and nonprofit area and created volatility in the economy. It has been observed that average employees in the USA need to work hard for a whole year to generate one day’s salary of most of the CEOs listed in the Fortune 500’. The gap between the lowest and maximum salary was extending. This salary inequality has endangered the basis of the USA democracy, management, and produced situation for financial instability. According to the repo rt of ‘United for a Fair Economy’ (UFE), the CEOs in the big companies get almost 10.8 million USD as total remuneration, which is 364 times higher compared to the average American employees. The amount excludes the cost of bonuses and stocks and if included the amount will increase to a

Ethical Egoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Ethical Egoism - Essay Example Though ethical egoism has a particular plea, the concept has been virtually collectively forbidden as a satisfactory ethical idea. Ideally, one of the greatest straightforward condemnations is that ethical egoists characteristically pervert altruism, the guideline that opposes ethical egoism and foundation ethics on a concern for other people’s welfares (Rachels & Rachels, 2010, 2011). Conversely, a conclusive opposition to ethical egoism comes from the author Rachels. From his point of view, He parallels ethical egoism with bias in terms of its theoretical structure. Racists split all individuals into clusters and treat persons contrarily based on the feature of one’s race but have no defense for closing that their own race is any superior to others, therefore rendering discrimination a random policy (Rachels & Rachels, 2010, 2011). Likewise, ethical egoists claim that people divide the entire world into two groups of individuals and that we repute the welfares of those in the first collection as more vital than the interests of those in the subsequent group. The egoist may offer no defense for the difference between the two sets. Therefore, Rachels completes that ethical egoism is a subjective principle and that others must be given the identical ethical reflection as us because their qualities and requirements are similar to our own (Rachels & Rachels, 2010, 2011). Altruism is a feature of ethical thinking in which it is claimed that ethical verdicts must be based upon the welfares or well-being of other individuals instead of self-interest. On the other hand, Ethical egoism is considered to believe that a person must do what is in his/her own self-interest. Generally, what is in a persons’ self-interest might parenthetically be harmful to others, advantageous to others, or unbiased in its influence. This implies that altruistic actions are not the result of ethical egoism (Rachels & Rachels, 2010, 2011).  

Causes of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Causes of the Civil War Essay ââ€"  North was opposed to slavery while the South was pro slavery ââ€"  The primary conflict of the civil war was whether the states had the right to decide what they wanted to do with slavery. (radical abolition vs pro slavery) ââ€"  One of the arising conflicts that led to the American Civil war was the growing abolition movement in the North ââ€"  which was an effort to end slavery in a nation that valued personal freedom and believed all men are created equal. ââ€"  Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison: The voice of Abolitionism. Originally a supporter of colonization, Garrison changed his position and became the leader of the emerging anti-slavery movement. His publication, THE LIBERATOR, reached thousands of individuals worldwide. His ceaseless, uncompromising position on the moral outrage that was slavery made him loved and hated by many Americans. Although The Liberator was Garrisons most prominent abolitionist activity, he had been involved in the fight to end slavery for years prior to its publication. In 1831, Garrison published the first edition of The Liberator. His words, I am in earnest — I will not equivocate I will not excuse. I will not retreat a single inch — AND I WILL BE HEARD, clarified the position of the NEW ABOLITIONISTS. Garrison was not interested in compromise. He founded the NEW ENGLAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY the following year. ââ€"  Frederick Douglass: Born a slave in Maryland escaped to MA in 1838, became an outspoken leader of antislavery sentiment. Douglass served as an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and fought for the adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. He provided a powerful voice then that was championing human rights. He is still revered today for his contributions against racial injustice.He also helped people escape to the North from the underground Railroad. ââ€"  Pro Slavery: John C. Calhoun: He believed that slavery was a â€Å"good positive good.† Calhoun endorsed slavery as a good — a great good, based on his belief in the inequality inherent in the human race. Calhoun believed that people were motivated primarily by self-interest and that competition among them was a positive expression of human nature. The results of this competition were displayed for all to see in the social order: those with the greatest talent and ability rose to the top, and the rest fell into place beneath them.The concepts of liberty and equality, idealized during the Revolutionary period, were potentially destructive to this social order, Calhoun believed. With the stratification of society, those at the top were recognized as authority figures and respected for their proven wisdom and ability. If the revolutionary ideal of equality were taken too far, the authority of the elite would not be accepted. Without this authority, Calhoun argued, society would break down and the liberty of all men would be threatened. Political short terms : ââ€"  Dred Scott (1795-1858) was a slave who, in the 1840s, chose to sue his masters widow for his freedom. He argued that his master, John Emerson, escorted him onto free soil in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory, and thus had legally—even if inadvertently— granted him freedom. In 1857, the case reached the United States Supreme Court. The Justices ruled against Scott. John Emersons widow had since remarried, and she returned Scott, his wife, and his daughters to their owners, the Blow family, in May 1857, just months after the ruling. Both Dred and Harriet Scott died shortly thereafter, never to witness the legacy of their fight.The Dred Scott case was a major event on the road to the Civil War. The Supreme Courts provocative opinion—which stated flatly that blacks had no rights which the white man was bound to respect and rejected the right of any territory to ban slavery within its own borders—inflamed public opinion in th e North, leading to a hardening of anti slavery attitudes and a surge in popularity for the new antislavery Republican Party. ââ€"  The south wanted less government control, and more state freedom, while the North welcomed the central power of a government. ââ€"  Because of the strong animosity toward abolitionists in the South and the thought that Abraham Lincoln embodied these abolitionist ideals, he was left off of the ballot in many Southern states, and the more radical of the states, including South Carolina, threatened to secede from the Union if Lincoln was elected president. Despite believing that the Republican Partys platforms were too moderate, abolitionist, for the large part, supported Lincoln. Lincoln lost the popular vote by nearly two million votes yet won the Electoral College by nearly sixty votes. Despite the fractured Democratic party, had they nominated only one president and still maintained all the votes the received between three candidates, they still would have lost the election regardless of also having more popular votes than Lincoln. The election itself is possibly the most significant election in American history due to the monumental issue of slavery and how divided the country was, so divided that when Lincoln was elected (it was only the second national presidential campaign ever run by the newly formed Republican Party), radically proslavery states of the South kept true to their threat and seceded from the United States. (he was a free soiler, he was willing to let slavery stay in the south as long as it did not spread.) ââ€"  The South viewed the election of Abraham Lincoln, as president, as a threat to slavery. After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the South threatened to secede from the United States that questioned â€Å"State Rights.â₠¬  Economic short and long term causes: ââ€"  the vast majority of industrial manufacturing was taking place in the North. The South had almost 25% of the countrys free population, but only 10% of the countrys capital in 1860. The North had five times the number of factories as the South, and over ten times the number of factory workers. In addition, 90% of the nations skilled workers were in the North. ââ€"  The labor forces in the South and North were fundamentally different, as well. In the North, labor was expensive, and workers were mobile and active. The influx of immigrants from Europe and Asia provided competition in the labor market, however, keeping wages from growing very quickly. ââ€"  The Southern economy, however, was built on the labor of African American slaves, who were oppressed into providing cheap labor. Most Southern white families did not own slaves: only about 384,000 out of 1.6 million did. Of those who did own slaves, most (88%) owned fewer than 20 slaves, and were considered farmers rather than planters. Slaves were concentrated on the large plantations of about 10,000 big planters, on which 50-100 or more slaves worked. ââ€"  Since Eli Whitneys 1793 invention of the cotton gin, the cotton industry became a lucrative field for Southern planters and farmers. Utilizing slave labor, cotton planters and farmers could cut costs as they produced cotton for sale to other regions and for export to England. In exchange, Southern farmers and planters purchased manufactured goods from the North, food items from the West and imported luxuries like European designer clothes and furniture from England. The growth of the Southern cotton industry served as an engine of growth for the entire nations economy in the antebellum (pre-war) years. ââ€"  The other critical economic issue that divided the North from the South was that of tariffs. Tariffs were taxes placed on imported goods, the money from which would go to the government ââ€"  Southern Congressmen generally opposed it and Northern Congressmen generally supported it. Southerners generally favored low tariffs because this kept the cost of imported goods low, which was important in the Souths import-oriented economy. Southern planters and farmers were concerned that high tariffs might make their European trading partners, primarily the British, raise prices on manufactured goods imported by the South in order to maintain a profit on trade. ââ€"  North, however, high tariffs were viewed favorably because such tariffs would make imported goods more expensive. That way, goods produced in the North would seem relatively cheap, and Americans would want to buy American goods instead of European items. Since tariffs would protect domestic industry from foreign competition, business interests and others influenced politicians to support high tariffs.

William Faulkner Essay -- essays research papers

William Faulkner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner is one of America's most talked about writers and his work should be included in any literary canon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkner's works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkner's writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, 'Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkner's work, biographical factors are of great importance…'; (20). Faulkner's magnificent imagination led him to create a fictional Mississippi county named Yoknapatawpha, which includes every detail from square mileage of the county to the break down of the county population by race. Faulkner's work also includes stories from the past and present. David Minter says, 'His works take us into regions and spaces we can never directly know, and also back in the time to worlds lost before we were born'; (Preface X). Of course, Faulkner's personal life has added a certain amount of excitement to his audiences. Faulkner's stories are known to reflect experiences from his own familiar life. William Faulkner should be mentioned along with any collection of classic authors because of his remarkable use of the past and present, as well as for his meticulous detail and comprehensive knowledge of the South in his writings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner's background is a very important detail that will help his readers understand the psychological implications of what he wrote and to appreciate his work. William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. His parents were Murry and Maud Faulkner. He married Estelle Franklin in 1929. They had two children together, both daughters. The first daughter was named Alabama, and she died nine days after her birth. Jill, the second daughter, outlived her father. William Faulkner died July 6, 1962 at the age of 64. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letter in 1948 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later in 1950. Although William Faulkner's life had the same chronological events as the average person, his life was far more complex an interesting than that of the average person. Faulkner tried to keep his personal life a secret, but he was woefully unsuccessful. Among many of Fa... ... collection of great authors. The five differentiating characteristics of literature are creative or visionary, specific forms, culturally and historically based, meant to provide enjoyment, and open to interpretation and intellectual challenge. William Faulkner's writing is a perfect example of what literature is meant to be like because it holds each on of the characteristics to be true. William Faulkner is known for his ability to write about the old South. Leslie A. Fiedler states that 'Faulkner [is] primarily a historian of Southern culture, or a canny technician whose evocations of terror are secondary to Jamesian experiments with 'point of view''; (384). William Faulkner's writings are unique compared to other writers because of the way that Faulkner presents the South in comparison from past to present and his ability to make the reader wonder about the point of view. Faulkner's writings are enjoyable and open the reader up to a world of interpretation and intellectual ch allenge. All of the qualities make William Faulkner's stories literature. However, it is how these qualities are shown to the reader that make William Faulkner fit to be included within any literary canon. William Faulkner Essay -- essays research papers William Faulkner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner is one of America's most talked about writers and his work should be included in any literary canon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkner's works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkner's writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, 'Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkner's work, biographical factors are of great importance…'; (20). Faulkner's magnificent imagination led him to create a fictional Mississippi county named Yoknapatawpha, which includes every detail from square mileage of the county to the break down of the county population by race. Faulkner's work also includes stories from the past and present. David Minter says, 'His works take us into regions and spaces we can never directly know, and also back in the time to worlds lost before we were born'; (Preface X). Of course, Faulkner's personal life has added a certain amount of excitement to his audiences. Faulkner's stories are known to reflect experiences from his own familiar life. William Faulkner should be mentioned along with any collection of classic authors because of his remarkable use of the past and present, as well as for his meticulous detail and comprehensive knowledge of the South in his writings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner's background is a very important detail that will help his readers understand the psychological implications of what he wrote and to appreciate his work. William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. His parents were Murry and Maud Faulkner. He married Estelle Franklin in 1929. They had two children together, both daughters. The first daughter was named Alabama, and she died nine days after her birth. Jill, the second daughter, outlived her father. William Faulkner died July 6, 1962 at the age of 64. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letter in 1948 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later in 1950. Although William Faulkner's life had the same chronological events as the average person, his life was far more complex an interesting than that of the average person. Faulkner tried to keep his personal life a secret, but he was woefully unsuccessful. Among many of Fa... ... collection of great authors. The five differentiating characteristics of literature are creative or visionary, specific forms, culturally and historically based, meant to provide enjoyment, and open to interpretation and intellectual challenge. William Faulkner's writing is a perfect example of what literature is meant to be like because it holds each on of the characteristics to be true. William Faulkner is known for his ability to write about the old South. Leslie A. Fiedler states that 'Faulkner [is] primarily a historian of Southern culture, or a canny technician whose evocations of terror are secondary to Jamesian experiments with 'point of view''; (384). William Faulkner's writings are unique compared to other writers because of the way that Faulkner presents the South in comparison from past to present and his ability to make the reader wonder about the point of view. Faulkner's writings are enjoyable and open the reader up to a world of interpretation and intellectual ch allenge. All of the qualities make William Faulkner's stories literature. However, it is how these qualities are shown to the reader that make William Faulkner fit to be included within any literary canon.

Understanding Relationship

The need for relationships is fundamental in our life because humans are social beings. Humans like to socialize because we seek for attention. Furthermore, approval is a psychological need, and by socializing we fulfill that need. Relational needs help us to interpret and understand what people really want to get out of relating to each other. It is just like when the least expected person comes by and sit down to lend us his/her ear, we would feel loved. Although relational needs are not the basic needs for survival – like food, air or shelter, they are the key essential elements of our human relationships which make life worth living. It is shown that it can contribute widely to a good quality of life. Many a times, our happiness or despair is affected by the quality of our relationships. The best satisfaction in life comes from good relationships with people whom we love. Not only do we become more confident and relaxed, to love and be loved is the greatest feeling the world. And I’ve learnt that why love is so great? Firstly, love provides warmth to anyone who feels lonely. Secondly, love soothes an anxious and angry heart. Thirdly, love pulls us back from those stressful struggles. Lastly, love can be a huge motivation in our daily life. Nothing can come close to the love that a mother showers her children with. That is one important relationship which makes me who I am today. I can proudly say that most women are excellent mothers. They carry their young before they are born and continue to nurture them throughout their childhood and even into adulthood. Mothers also make sure that their children are safe and happy throughout their growing stage. It is the unconditional love that a mother feels that drives these feelings. Raising children comes with many frustrations, from the needy new born baby that requires regular care to the sullen teenager. A mother’s role is really commendable as they always put their children before anything else, including their comfort and happiness. My strong relationship with my mother made me come to a realization that to experience intimacy in relationships, it is important to build trust, openness and self-awareness when relating. Under the care of my mother for almost 18 years, I have learnt to be a person of good values and I will not stop improving myself! Some of the more qualities which I am more influenced are like – generous, trustworthy, humble, lovable and easy going. I have learnt that self-awareness is having a clear perception of your personality, including strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and emotions. It allows me to understand other people, how they perceive me, my attitude and my responses to them in the moment. Having to develop self-awareness, I am able to change the interpretations in my mind and thus allowing me to change my emotions. This is important because I feel that it is self-awareness that can allow me to be aware of where my thoughts and emotions are actually taking me. Relationships are easy until there is emotional turmoil. This is similar whether one is at work or in his/her personal life. I feel that when one can master to change the interpretation in his/her own mind of emotions will effect on the emotional quality of the relationship. When one can change the emotions in his/her relationship, then new possibilities are opened up entirely in his/her life. From lesson 1, I have learnt that self-awareness is developed through practices in focusing your attention on the details of your personality and behavior. It isn’t learned from reading a book. It is just like when we read a book, we are focusing all of our attention on the conceptual ideas in the book. With our attention focused in a book, one is actually only practicing but not paying attention to his/her own behavior, emotions and personality. One of the few important points that I have learnt to instill self-awareness is to identify my strength and weaknesses and never be afraid to look into the mirror to ponder or reflect about the positive traits I have in myself. In other words, it is engaging in self-affirmation. I have learnt that with self-awareness, this will help the relationship with my loved ones to be a more quality driven one because once I have learnt to love and value myself, I am then able to cherish my partner more without having to care how others judge us. Lesson 1 is definitely an enjoyable and valuable lesson and it has taught me many useful life long skills to prepare myself in future relationships.

Should Community Service be Mandatory?

Albert Einstein, one of the smartest men to ever live, is quoted saying â€Å"Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.† This is achieved through striving to uplift those around you with volunteering. Anything from cleaning up garbage to offering companionship to elderly and disabled people is a way to change the world, bit by bit.However, no single person can change the world on his or her own. There must be a constant effort from all of those that support this belief. Some believe that the best way for this to be accomplished is through mandatory community service implemented through schools, charities or churches.Although community service can be extremely valuable in the development of both character and academics, some believe the negative effects of forcing students to participate by making a set amount of service a requirement for graduation could offset the benefits. Today, a majority of high schools require so many hours of community service in order for high school seniors to graduate.In 1984, only 17 percent of high schools offered a community service program. This number increased 66 percent in just 15 years. By 1999, 83 percent of all high schools offered, and many required participation in, a community service program. Two thirds of high schools today require students in all grades to participate in community service activities (Howe and Strauss), but is this taking it too far?Community service is being forced upon students all over the country. Students who are forced to do community service will grow to resent it, making them less likely to volunteer in their communities after college. Our country needs people to volunteer, and more than just the young adult high school population.Also, if students are forced to do community service, the quality of the help they give is probably not going to be very good because they don't really want to do it. Requiring community service takes the volunteerism out of the equation and soon many o f those who â€Å"volunteer† are those who don’t even want to be there. Forcing students to participate in community services will cause them to resent voluntary services for the community later in life. In most communities, community service is used as a punishment for those who step  out of line.â€Å"For teenagers, ‘community service’ came to mean punishment for drunk drivers and Breakfast Club miscreants† (Howe and Strauss). In addition to students coming to resent community service, mandatory service takes away the benefits that actual volunteers would receive. If community service is not required, volunteerism carries more weight on a college application.Aside from the collegial benefit, volunteering helps to build the moral center of oneself. In the article, â€Å"Community Service Mission Statement†, the writer states that â€Å"Community Service situates our moral center;† also that it teaches us through experience â€Å"â €”about the relationship between empathy and responsibility, about what it takes to be a part of a community†.The strength of a community is found within the hearts of those who make the area a home. However, critics believe that community service should be required. They argue that education should not be limited to the classroom and that community service is a learning experience. While this may be true, many other experiences are educational yet should not be mandatory for high school students. For example; sports. Not all students are meant to be athletes. Sports are encouraged throughout high schools, but not required. This gives students the opportunity to experience what it means to work hard as a team. If all students were required to play sports, it would ruin sports for those who love to play.The same goes for volunteering: service is a growing and a learning experience, yet if unwilling students are required to participate in service activities, they spoil the e xperience for everyone else. Critics support their idea with a great argument; however, it isn’t logical. Community service is without a doubt a learning experience, but the choice to partake in such an experience should be left to the student. Community service isn’t for everyone just as sports aren’t for everyone. It’s up to more than just the high school student to change the world, and this can be achieved by activities other than community service.

Yukio Mishima essays

Yukio Mishima essays I read a novella with a collection of three stories by Yukio Mishima. The first story was called The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea, the second was called The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, and the third was Confessions of a Mask. I would enjoy talking about each of these books individually, however I have far too little room for discussions of a such a great feat of writing. Instead I will point out the under lying themes that manifest themselves in each story very clearly. The most prominent and head motif was of the hero myth. Every culture honors a form of hero, and although not many realize that heroes are not always people hero myths often fall onto the shoulders of leaders who focus the same kind of energy. Each story has a hero character. Even thought they have done heroic things it shows a sad side to being a hero. It also tells us that heroes to some are villains to others. In Donald Duck, he is looking for a true hero, a north star to follow to the promised land of his own culture where he can be proud of being Chinese. The important thing is he found it, but not in one person, in everyone. As I pointed out before sometimes heroes are not people. Like the mandate of heaven, thats not really a hero, or is it? It focused the heroic qualities onto one person, a leader. Although each Empire rose and fell it shows that they were popular with the people. And to the people they were heroes. Just like Donald, he found his hero in the community. Eac h hero in Yukios book meets a grotesque fate, or has an impassable quirk that only lets his heroic qualities shine on very few. Frederick Douglass was his own hero, and he knew that and he exploited it. Ultima had many heroic leadership qualities. Even Tenorio, the one who whooped a bunch of men into killing Ultima, he was able to do it which must say something, even if he is an anti-hero. ...

Mubadala Development Company (MDC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Mubadala Development Company (MDC) - Essay Example This is followed by a critical analysis of its organisational culture in relation to its stated mission and vision and the way it is implemented in its operations so as to ensure optimal performance of the organisation. Recommendations will also be given at the end so as to suggest the best possible ways that can be implemented to ensure that there is compliance between the organisational culture and its stated goals. Basically, the report seeks to explore the extent to which the concept of organisational culture affects the overall performance of the whole organisation MDC is a company owned by the government of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. MDC is a catalyst for investment by the government of Abu Dhabi and according to its website, it has so far invested in areas including aerospace, health automotive, telecommunication, building of ships and energy among others. It is a catalyst of economic diversification in Abu Dhabi and the company’s strategy is based on the ma nagement of long term, capital intensive investments that deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the Emirates. MDC was established in October 2002 as a Public Joint Stock Company in Abu Dhabi through a decree issued by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. The Government of Abu Dhabi is its sole shareholder. As a Public Joint Stock Company, Mubadala functions much like an incorporated entity in the United States or a â€Å"plc† in the United Kingdom.

Discuss the 6 Paradigms of Personal Interaction Essay

Discuss the 6 Paradigms of Personal Interaction - Essay Example Life is a competition and thinks only about winning and losing. It is a mindset that thinks that there is never enough for everybody. â€Å"Think Win Win† on the other hand seeks to find a common solution that is beneficial to everybody. It is based on cooperation and collaboration rather than competition. It always believe that in any situation, there is a way where everybody could end up winning. The key in this leadership principle of â€Å"Think Win Win† is to identify the needs of everybody and address it. Not all needs are the same so there is a way to satisfy everybody’s needs. 1. Win/Win  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is the ideal form of personal interaction. It is a mindset that seeks to find solution that is beneficial to all parties concern in its interaction. It avoids the zero sum mindset of competition but rather seeks to collaborate and to cooperate in its interaction so that such interaction is satisfying and beneficial to all parties concern. 2. Win/Lose  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is the most common type of personal interaction where one seeks to dominate the other in order to win. This is the authoritarian approach of seeing interaction as a means to win and thus uses, power, position, credentials, money and other resources to leverage themselves and win over the other party. 3. Lose/Win  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is a martyred way of interacting where individuals only seek to please the other person or if such individual is seeking approval from the other party. It just gives and expects nothing in return which is unhealthy in the long run because it could breed resentment and ill feelings. Those unaddressed needs will eventually mount until it would become resentment. It could also affect the self-esteem of the individual 4. Lose/Lose  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is an unhealthy mindset in personal interaction which usually occurs between two hostile parties. This is the mindset of â€Å"getting even† that does not seek to have any satisfaction in a relationship. The example of