American Revolution or Evolution

Doesnt it enthrall one that a single word could bifurcate scholars and create factions amongst the erudite. Tort quo © (why? ) there must be a reason and there is! The answer is simple yet rational: Perspective. Albert Einstein, (the famous physicist) most remembered by his theory of relativity, concluded that distance and time were not absolute. History resides In the same niche. It Is more than a chronological account of past events of a period or a livelihood or development of a people, an institution, or a place. But what it is not is absolute. It is always left upon interpretation, scrutiny, analysis, probing and pondering. The perception or perspective gained through such rigorous processes is also subject to the base of a historian. It Is very uncommon to find historians sharing their bases of initial learning and therefore the effect of their own era, age, surroundings and upbringing must also be taken account of. A revolution, defined by Encyclopedia Britannica Is: a major. Sudden, and hence typically a violent alteration in government and in related associations and structures.On the other hand Oxford dictionary defines an evolution as: the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form. Let us decide upon the usage of the word Revolution, which one can venture out to say, could be dated from the year 1775 with Its Ignition being the battle of Lexington and Concord and culmination being the ratification of the constitution of the states In 1782. Seemingly easy doesnt It? It doesnt really respond to how fundamentally did the thoughts, ideals, ideology and mindset of a 2. 5 million inhabitants change and led to the chain of events that became known as the American Revolution.What I believe Is that no people In the course of history have ever rebelled against a certain state, condition or Ideology without a buildup of grievances, resentment or a gradual shift of attitude towards accepting a better sadomasochism. Lets go back to the early 17th century when immigrations began to take place into the New World. Herds of folks comprising of German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Jewish descent and not to mention the French Hugeness, began pouring into the lands in order to escape from the fetters of the Old World.They did not have any more an appetite for its rituals, its citrines, Its curbing of call liberties, and mostly the cost of living In It, One can even of the aforementioned causes. So it would be appropriate to say that a 17th ce ntury Europe was in revolution. Lets go further with this theory and say that the immigrants reaching the New World were revolutionaries. Almost 1 50 years of Paxar Americana (used strictly in context with the time period and not according to current usage) so to say was enjoyed by the colonists. During this time, some changes irrevocably did take place.This is evident from the fact that the language that the sorority of the immigrants originally spoke had evolved into a different dialect. So from this we can also entrust upon the belief that alongside linguistics political and socio-economic changes did also take place. A political change that actually began with the migrations was the rise of a political ideology known as Republicanism. Technically ruled by Great Britain or more accurately looked over, the colonies practiced the policy through their town halls and city councils. Very famous examples of such republican instruments were the Virginia House of Burgesses and theMassachusetts Assembly. These were regulated by either representative or direct democracy. The symbol of democracy at the time was looked upon as the House of Commons in England, however it did seem a bit more than contradicting to have the Bucking Palace towering high in the very country. The colonists did give their allegiances to the monarch but because of the fact that it was kind of conditional. Although they did not realize it nor was it formally declared but they remained docile because they were never tampered by British legislations.They had during this time, rated their own principles, created their own system of Jurisprudence, law, Justice, methods of trade, commerce, education, agriculture etc. When after the French and Indian war, the British began actively participating in the earlier enumerated colonial components of society; it wouldve obviously been not received glad hand edly by the Colonists as it did not. Lets now examine the economic evolution that took place to ensure Americas Independence. The 150 year old period was in terms of trade and commerce coined as a period of salutary neglect.For the colonists it brought economic prosperity and industrialization. For the British it was shooting themselves in the foot. Intentional lax in order to show the appreciation for economic freedom while regulating the policy of mercantilism. Does it make any sense? One would question Robert Walpole sanity between all of this; however he is not our subject of concern. What you shall so sow so shall you reap; a very old and passed around saying isnt it? But it does make sense in the context. The British for a very long period of time followed the policy and he colonist enjoyed its benefits.Smuggling was nothing out of the blue, very common. Other European nations also benefited from it, the Colonial agriculture products such as hay, wheat, barley, maize and cotton were valued highly in foreign markets. When the British annoyed at Colonial stubbornness to pay taxes, passed the writs of assistance; there was an outrage. There had to be one, like it did, smuggling was not put up with anymore and a flow of revenue generation created as a result of foreign trade stagnated. How were the merchants to run their businesses without the redeem of trading being allowed to them as it had always been?Hence there was an outcry by the merchants who went bankrupt as a result of such legislation. Somewhere or another. The country was not at all familiar with taxes; once again it is necessary to mention that when we talk about being not being tampered for almost 150 years it is meant more than it sounds. Citizens in Britain were obliged to pay taxes, however their brethren in the New World were not. I do at times believe that absolute freedom corrupts absolutely, there should be some harnesses or bridles put n in order to let civility root in or in this case for rule to sustain.When suddenly exposed to direct taxes such as Stamp Act and Sugar Acts why would it not cause havoc with in the colonists? It would lead to acrimony towards the crown like it did, it would lead to mass protests like it did and would lead to severing of ties like it did. In the beginning I wrote about how a historical event is subject to independent interpretation. How historians may or may not agree on something because of the different elements molding the shape of the basis for their knowledge.I must confess that it is no t arbitrary and applies to myself as it does to any other individual. I believe that evolution without revolution is lame and revolution without evolution blind, very similar to what Einstein said about religion and science. One thing is for certain though, nothing is by nature revolutionary. There has to be friction to beget fire. During the 150 year period evolutionary changes in political beliefs, social policies and economic mechanisms did take place otherwise the colonists wouldve never armed themselves to teeth and hoisted the flag of revolution.

Professional Development- Reflective Statement Essay

Professional Development- Reflective Statement - Essay Example tand the complex range of knowledge, skills and understanding they have and to develop and use the intellectual and emotional power within themselves to try and improve their situation†(Ghaye and Ghaye 1998). A few years ago, I had absolutely no experience when it came to the topic of childcare. Hence my previous reluctance to delve headlong into the studies pertaining to it. But over the years, situations developed that allowed me to put what I had been learning in class into practice. would never have developed the skills necessary to complete my class requirements. Eventually, I was thrust into the middle of working with children in 3 different setting which motivated me to further challenge myself to learn more about child care. The decision about what my college degree would be was now clear to myself and my family. Although I was anxious about my classes and had some jiiters about enrolling, my family members did their best to allay my fears and encourage me to succeed. Rmeinding me that I had to challenge myself in order to become the best person that I could be and ensure that I would eventually achieve all my dreams and ambitions. However, their encouragement and pep talks were being outweighted at every turn by my fear of making the wrong career decision. I needed to be reassured about my degree choice so I began to research the job market for my course. Little did I know that I was not helping myself by doing that.As Dwyer and Wynn argued; ‘Young adults are often disappointed when they do eventually enter the labour market, and experience uncertainties previously associated with the end of compulsory schooling.’ (p.334) I began to wonder if I would be wasting my time by further pursuing my degree. Afterall, I may still have made the wrong career decision and end-up with a useless degree. As usual, my family was there to support me during my time of doubt. I was reminded that the course that I decided upon was more of a calling than a lucrative

Does Alcohol dependancy lead to depression Essay

Does Alcohol dependancy lead to depression - Essay Example cancers, unintentional injuries, and violence.† (Mokdad, Marks, Stroup & Gerberding 2000) Professional health care practitioners are constantly vigilant on monitoring alcohol dependents, especially if it exists in conjunction with other illnesses, like depression. The negative effects that alcoholism causes cannot be undermined. This paper is written to present a review of literature on the topic: does alcohol dependency lead to depression? Given the research question, the purpose of the study is to explore four scholarly researches made on the topic identifying methodologies, findings and general consensus. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services define alcoholism, also known as â€Å"alcohol dependence,† as â€Å"a disease that includes four symptoms: craving: a strong need, or compulsion, to drink; loss of control: The inability to limit one’s drinking on any given occasion; physical dependence: Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking; and tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to â€Å"get high.† (2001, 1) â€Å"The American Medical Association and the World Health Organization have both recognized addiction (including alcoholism) as an illness, not a lack of willpower†. (Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2000, 514). Definitely, this is a fact that pervades people from all walks of life depending on diverse factors. According to Dossey, et.al. (2000), â€Å"although there are many types of addictions to various substances, alcohol addiction is the most prevalent in the United States, afflicting at least 11 million people†. (514) There are a multitude of scholarly researches written on alcoholism and diverse concerns related to it. Through secondary sources from books, journals and electronic references, appropriate materials would enable one to proffer a comprehensive and objective view of the topic. A study conducted by Dr. Achal

Skipper Charter Airline Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skipper Charter Airline - Research Proposal Example The company started a few years ago with the main of growth and expansion to international flights. Skipper airline charter is a unique air charter organization that strives to be creative and pioneering leaders in the field of airline transport. Skipper Airlines is the largest provider of fly in fly out services in Bahamas and Florida. This company operates nearly hundred flights per week. The company’s main mission is to attain customer satisfaction and seek and challenge future opportunities for the company’s prosperity. The company also aims to provide high quality services to its clients through partnerships in order to remain focused on the opportunities. All these visions, missions, and objectives can be attained through an efficient marketing plan. Skipper Charter Airline has been in the industry for almost half a decade and has never failed to achieve customer satisfaction. With the aircrafts at the clients’ disposal, customers can depart at their own wi ll and timetable even within minutes after arrival at the company’s airport. The company is conscious about the customer’s time and no more can a customer miss a flight. With Skipper Charter Airlines, the customer has the power to fly to and fro without the inconvenience of waiting flights or linking flights through a major airport. When taking into account a business trip or vacation trip, a customer should think about the benefits that Skipper Airline provides which include; cost effectiveness, comfort, and high quality services. As noted earlier, the major aim of any business to increase its growth and market share. Skipper airlines key customers are tourists and business clientele. Skipper Charter Airlines has a wide range of aircrafts that suit the different client requirements. Skipper Charter Airlines offers a single VIP passenger aircraft only an hour away for the tourists or business clientele or a 50 passenger aircraft. The corporate Skipper Charter Airlines team ensures that customers’ travel experience runs on time and budget. In order to attract more customers, Skipper Charter Airlines needs to invest more in its marketing communication. The company can employ advertising, public relations and direct marketing and offer discounts. Skipper Airlines can heighten its advertising through increasing budget for its marketing. The company needs to foster for increased frequency of both audio and visual adverts in the local radio and television stations. This will assist in increasing awareness among the target customers and lead to increased customers. The company can as well endorse a celebrity or a renowned business individual in its advertising. This will make customers want to be associated with the celebrity and in turn lead to increased market share. In addition, incorporating direct marketing will assist the company get a response from customers on their needs and devise ways on how to improve customer service. Moreover, Skipp er Charter Airlines may be involved in public relations through sponsorships or being involved in corporate social responsibilities. This will assist in creating a better reputation for the company among the customers and in turn contribute to increased sales and market share. Skipper Airlines has been providing air transport services to Bahamas and Florida for almost half a decade. The company’

Psychology College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology College - Essay Example The basic purpose of this paper was to simulate a situation where one had to deal with finding a solution to a problem without having certain cognitive brain functions at our disposal. Before moving on to the actual crux of the paper, I would like to mention a few salient points which will enable the reader to better understand my sentiments in regards to brain damage and neuropsychological problems. The reason why I have such strong sentiments in this case is due to the fact that one of my cousins's suffered the same fate. At the age of 9, he was involved in a traumatic accident during which he sustained injuries to the head and brain. Although the doctors were able to save his life, he lost sight in his left eye, arm and legs. His brain functions were also permanently impaired. Before the accident, he was a bright boy with much promise of the future but the accident nearly destroyed him completely. It took him years of recovery to get to where he is now. Presently, he has adapted so well to his condition that he has completed high school, went on to complete a degree at his local community college and eventually ended up working as an animator. His dream is design an animated cartoon such as Shrek. The above paragraph will define the main crux of my paper for you. My belief is that no matter how badly impaired one might be the use of proper therapy and sheer will power can hel p you to adapt to your impairment. In order to properly simulate the required situation, I had briefed my friend, Jessica, two days prior to our engagement so that she would be better prepared for the task at hand. Consequently, we locked ourselves in my room and accordingly, I had her write something down on a piece of paper which she then duly placed in her pocket and away from my prying eyes. Now the fact of the matter is that I've known Jessica since we were in pre-school so I was confident that I would be able to guess what she'd written. However, since we could not communicate in anyway posed quite a lot of problems which will be duly mentioned as this paper continues. At first, Jessica made no attempt to help in anyway. Therefore, for the first 20 minutes I just sat there wondering what I had gotten myself into. My decision of providing Jessica with every detail of my project was turning out to be a bad one because she would try her hardest to beat me at it. However, I've always been stubborn and therefore I was not about to give up that easily. I knew without doubt that I would have to adopt a methodical approach towards finding a solution to the problem that lay before me and that was what I did. Before we had begun the exercise, Jessica and I had agreed upon a basic method of using a modified version of charades. Consequently, I started by pointing towards different things in the room and picking them up. On some objects she would nod while on others she would just shake her head. Now it was my task to firstly figure out what sort of system she had conjured up in her mind and then to decode it in order to use it. I started off by writing down all the letters in the name of the object e.g. cushion, chair, pen etc. Now what I needed to figure out was which letters to use and which not to and in which order as well. One other possibility was also whether she had chosen a number

Management accounting and control (5-8) Coursework

Management accounting and control (5-8) - Coursework Example In this context we can comfortably say that knowledge and insights from budgeting are helpful in designing budgetary systems and setting of budgets for organizations (Wildavsky & Swedlow 2001). The ability to effectively formulate budgetary systems and set budgets through insights from budgets is very important for any given form of organization. This is because such tools can be used in the setting of standards of performance, motivating the stakeholders of the organization and providing the tools used for the measurement of results which are direly needed in the fulfillment of the organizational goals. The process of budgeting normally begins from a zero based perspective (Wiseman 2010). The organization starts from zero and determines the need of each department and program. This approach tends to provide a more accurate budget as opposed to an allowed incremental increase each year. Budgets are meant to be conservative hence there needs to be an overestimation when it comes to th e expenses while the revenues require to be underestimated. This is for the sake of flexibility required in the system hence assisting in the design of a budgetary system. Insights from the knowledge of budgeting plays a critical roles in supporting the strategic plans of organizations where many factors like technology needs, capital improvements, overhead needs, planned giving and capital campaign revenue and borrowing funds. These are key components when it comes to formulation of budgeting systems and setting of budgets (Wildavsky & Swedlow 2001). Annual budgeting is a must for organizations as technology in form of software and hardware becomes more sophisticated. Budgeting and budgeting systems for technology requires that the organization realizes and sets budgets for the replacement of computers. Taking care of such grand company costs requires that there is a plan ahead to save on costs which may otherwise go to a waste if there are no proper budgetary systems and accurate budgets set (Wildavsky & Swedlow 2001). Knowledge from budgets is useful in the determination of funding required for capital improvements and this is important for organizations across the divide (Seal & Garrison 2009). Knowledge from budgetary costs are applicable in the realization that utility costs are not a constant factor despite the fact of impossibility of prediction of fluctuations and in establishing budgetary systems and setting of budgets, the economic conditions of the time are much applicable. Budgets in the are used in the formulation of budgetary systems through an in depth look at the expenses by the organization (Wiseman 2010). Borrowing though not considered as a part of any financial strategy in the organization. The use of borrowed funds helps organizations be in the position of undertaking a lot in terms of the organization growth. Generally, budgeting involves a complete process which ranges from identification, collection, summarization and communication of financial and non-financial information of a given organization. In managerial accounting process the budgeting system helps in the planning of the course of action that can be undertaken by an organization to help in seeing through future transactions (Wildavsky & Swedlow 2001). The budgets and knowledge of budgets enables corporations to formulate some form of common goals for the sake

The perception of Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Healthcare System Essay Example for Free

The perception of Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Healthcare System Essay Introduction Public health in America has benefited from various innovations and advanced medical technology. However, these developments do not serve all Americans. Even in modern times disparities exist between whites and minorities in terms of health care. For instance the rate due to heart disease and stokes were higher for African Americans than for whites; 30% and 41% respectively, in 2002. The infant mortality rate for African Americans was higher compared to that of whites, in spite the fact that the national infant mortality rate had decreased. In 2004, African Americans had the highest diagnosis rate for HIV; 50% (Center for health care strategies). Ensuring equity in health care is necessary in order to prevent premature death, control disease, prevent unnecessary illness or disability and promote the quality of life for all citizens. An intervention by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention lead to the formation of Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH). The program’s mandate is to identify, minimize and eventually eliminate racial and ethnic inequality in the health care sector. Minority groups are the main victims of health care inequity. As a result the REACH program targets; African Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, Latinos, Alaska natives and Pacific Islanders. These communities need to be involved in the REACH program since, they are after all the beneficiaries. Individuals, community leaders and opinion leaders need to be consulted and empowered. REACH has developed strategies that improve health care in various communities, work sites, schools, after school settings and in health care facilities. Application of community development principles of good practice to research on racial and health care disparities. For a society to be successful then development of individual communities and organizations needs to be considered. Community development focuses on the improvement of the quality of life for an entire community. A community can be defined as a team of people who are unified due to location, common interests or ownership. For this kind of development to occur then the principles of good practice ought to be enforced. Some of the principles of good practice include; encouraging participation, problem identification and designing of solutions by community members and community leaders. Leaders in the community are also empowered and educated so that they can understand the problems that exist in their community and abstinence from practices that affect the community negatively. In other words the principles of good practice include; inclusion of community members, capacity building through management of information and resources, partnerships with all stakeholders, equity , accessibility and responsiveness in terms of action towards various initiatives (Maslow, 2003,p.19). The community should be involved in the research on racial and ethnic disparities in health care. The community will provide valuable information on the disparities that exist, intervention programs and the progress made in addressing the issue. Researchers need to consider vital elements in the community; trust, cultural heritage, history, expertise, community leaders, community initiatives and resources. Community based research relies highly on participation and trust. Trust is fundamental for the research on racial and ethnic inequality in health care. The researcher needs to understand the community’s history and how it relates to their current health care situation. For example the slavery and racial discrimination history of African Americans can provide insight on why the disparity in health care exists. The researcher needs to appreciate information from participates. However, this does not imply that all information should be accepted as truth without further investigation. The views of the community members should be listened to carefully, evaluated and investigated. Researchers should view the community as a partner in the research and interact with members. The researcher needs to develop a partnership with the members of the community. Together the parties define the health care disparities and needs. They also evaluate the effectiveness of programs initiated so as to reduce the health care inequality and provide recommendations on how to improve those programs. In this partnership between the researcher and the community members the thoughts and opinions of the community members need to be reflected in the publications. It is a common practice for publishers to decide what to print. Most of the times the community participates are not co-authors of the publications; they are simply acknowledged for their cooperation in the authors’ notes. As a result some of the issues that are very vital to the community may be left out. Members of a community provide superior information on their community’s views and their culture. Thus inclusion of community members as co-authors of publications will benefit both the researcher and the community. Moreover, this effort is a form of empowerment for the community since their views and opinions will be better represented thus creating a comprehensive picture. Ethical practices should be used in data collection, ownership and publication (Blythe, 2007, p.68). In order to understand the role that racial inequality has on premature deaths, infant mortality rate, disability and the spread of disease community based research is crucial. Community partners provide information on the nature of health care they receive in terms of health education, treatment, responsiveness in health care centers and the facilities that are available in their localities. Research ensures that health care delivery coincides with the needs of the community. The insight provided by community participation research is useful to the government and other stakeholders who are responsible for designing and implementing health care delivery programs. Community participants in a research usually represent the views of the community in relation to health care. Thus their views should be considered and reflected in the research. Research helps in addressing the challenges that face the health care system. Hence it provides solutions communities and policy makers which will ultimately improve the nature and quality of health care available to all citizens. For racial and ethnic disparities to be eliminated then all stakeholders need to develop strategies that will address issue. Various states and Medicaid managed organizations have developed a community based strategy to address racial disparities in health care. The strategy emphasis on community participatory research on health care racial and ethnic inequality. The community members, community based organizations are the main source of information. The health care providers and government then analyze the information and set policies on health that ensures equality in access and treatment to all American citizens. Compared to traditional research methods community based participatory research provides pertinent findings and is less time consuming. Health care providers are increasingly using this approach; the main focus is using community based approach to interact with minorities. For instance the ‘EXCEED’ project uses partnership between researchers, community member, community health care centers and the community organizations. EXCEED uses the community participatory research due to acknowledgement that it leads to comprehensive findings on the social, cultural and economic aspects that contribute to the racial and ethnic disparities in health care. The EXCEED program â€Å"Excellence Centers To Eliminate Ethnic/Racial Disparities† is an in initiative by the Agency of Health care Research and Quality (AHRQ). Its mandate is to investigate and understand racial and ethnic disparities in health care as well as designing and implementing strategies on eradication of those disparities (Bayne, 1998, p.116). Conclusion Inequality in health care provision is evident in terms of health care access, prevalence of disease, health care setting and the quality of care. America’s minorities’ usually higher rates of disease, higher infant death rate and poorer health care compared to white Americans. Disparities in health care affect the individual, communities and the economy. Poor health care contributes to the cost of health care through complications due to poor care, avoidable hospital admission and preventable emergency cases. Community based participatory research on racial and ethnic disparities in health care provides data that reflects the extent of the situation. Information from the research is used by health care providers to design strategies provision of quality health care services to all citizens. Community based participatory research is a partnership between the community and the researcher. There is equity in power, decision making, credit and knowledge. The community and the researchers collaborate in all segments of the research; problem identification, planning for the research, actual research, data collection, analyzing of data and recommending a course of action. Data collected through community based participatory research on racial and ethnic disparities in health care is usually analyzed by the government and other health care stakeholders. The revelations made by the data are useful when goals and policies are been designed so as to eliminate the racial and ethnical disparities in health care. Health care is fundamental in every society. Therefore health care providers are advised to ensure equity in quality, access and care in the health sector for all Americans regardless of their race or ethnicity (Allan, 1998, p. 112). Reference Allan, B. P. (1998). Health care financing.   New York: Hill crest. Bayne, J. N. (1998). Strategic plans. New York: Hill crest. Blythe, R. J. (2007). Disease Prevention. Manchester University Press. Maslow, R. P. (2003). Health Management. New York: Macmillian. Porter, P. (2004). Healthy and Beautiful. New York: The free Press. The effects of community factors on Health. Retrieved August 18 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.policylink.org/pdfs/. Reducing health disparities through focus on communities. Retrieved August 17 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.policylink.org/pdfs/HealthDisparities.pdf